Yes: the note refers to microbes from the deep subsurface that could help purify groundwater by acting as natural filters while the water infiltrates the soil. However, that doesn't mean they can already clean "all the water on the planet"; for now it's a scientific promise with potential, not a proven global solution. larazon+1

What was discovered

The finding describes a new microbial phylum, identified as CSP1-3, that lives deep underground and may dominate part of the underground soil community. Scientists believe that these organisms consume carbon and nitrogen that seep from the surface, contributing to the natural process of water purification. Gizmodo+1

What it does imply

The important idea is that deep soil functions as a second filtration barrier. These microbes could be useful to better understand how aquifers are cleaned and, in the future, inspire drinking water decontamination technologies. veryinteresting.okdiario+1

What not to exaggerate

The phrase "they could purify all the water on the planet" is more of a striking headline. The articles reviewed talk about a possible role in the natural cleaning of groundwater, but they also point out that these microbes need to be cultivated in the laboratory and study whether they really degrade resistant pollutants on a large scale. larazon+1

In one sentence

The news is real at its scientific core, but the right conclusion is: they can help purify groundwater, not solve the entire global water crisis on their own. gizmodo+1